Analyzing CT Scan Images towards the Early Detection of Lung Cancer using Medical Images based Edge Feature Preserving CT Scan Medical Image Coder (EZWT - EFPIC)

With the current improvements in virtual image processing techniques have received several benefits. Today, all of the scientific techniques produce virtual scientific pictures, through healthcare specialists analyze and diagnose the abnormality. The frequent view of scientific picture processing might also additionally appear simpler; however, it entails many challenges. As the scientific pics are interconnected with human lives, the laptop-aided scientific image processing structures have to be overcautious, if we want to eliminate inaccuracy rates. The utility of medical image processing techniques for the analysis of CT scan images similar to lung cancer cells has been gaining momentum in recent years. This paper discusses the use of a Transform Edge Feature preserving CT scan Medical Image Coder (EZWT - EFPIC) using Computed Tomography (CT) images to help in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. We discuss and explore the design and significance of an EZWT-EFPIC-CT image-processed model in cancer diagnosis

Metamaterials for light rays: ray optics without wave-optical analog in the ray-optics limit

Volumes of sub-wavelength electromagnetic elements can act like homogeneous materials: metamaterials. In analogy, sheets of optical elements such as prisms can act ray-optically like homogeneous sheet materials. In this sense, such sheets can be considered to be metamaterials for light rays (METATOYs). METATOYs realize new and unusual transformations of the directions of transmitted light rays. We study here, in the ray-optics and scalar-wave limits, the wave-optical analog of such transformations, and we show that such an analog does not always exist. Perhaps, this is the reason why many of the ray-optical possibilities offered by METATOYs have never before been considered.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, references update

Superconductivity in Ru substituted BaFe2-xRuxAs2

The occurrence of bulk superconductivity at ~22 K is reported in polycrystalline samples of BaFe2-xRuxAs2 for nominal Ru content in the range of x=0.75 to 1.125. A systematic suppression of the spin density wave transition temperature (TSDW) precedes the appearance of superconductivity in the system. A phase diagram is proposed based on the measured TSDW and superconducting transition temperature (TC) variations as a function of Ru composition. Band structure calculations, indicate introduction of electron carriers in the system upon Ru substitutiom. The calculated magnetic moment on Fe shows a minimum at x=1.0, suggesting that the suppression of the magnetic moment is associated with the emergence of superconductivity. Results of low temperature and high field Mossbauer measurements are presented. These indicate weakening of magnetic interaction with Ru substitutionComment: 20 pages 10 figure

Surrogate modeling of unsteady aerodynamic loads acting on a plunging airfoil

Cost-effective parameteric surrogate models of unsteady aerodynamic loads acting on a flapping wing are highly desirable. They would enable real time aerodynamic load prediction, multiobjective optimisation and optimal control of intelligent flapping wing flight devices. In the present work, a parametric surrogate modeling framework for unsteady aerodynamic loads based on a non-intrusive reduced order modeling approach is presented. The unsteady flow past a plunging 2D flat plate is considered where the aerodynamic load time histories are obtained for different plunging frequencies and amplitudes using a potential flow solver. The parametric non-intrusive reduced order model (p-NIROM) for the obtained loads is constructed using a combination of snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for dimensionality reduction and a fully connected feed forward neural network (FCNN) for modeling the input parametric dependency. Both, linear and non-linear FCNN based p-NIROM are explored and compared on the basis of load time history reconstruction accuracy. The non-linear FCNN regression for the p-NIROM is observed to generalise well for unseen parametric instances as compared to the linear approach when a systematic data sampling strategy is adopted

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Combination Therapies for Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Indian Subcontinent

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious health problem in the Indian subcontinent affecting the rural poor. It has a significant economic impact on concerned households. The development of drug resistance is a major problem and threatens control efforts under the VL elimination initiative. With an unprecedented choice of antileishmanial drugs (but no newer compound in clinical development), policies that protect these drugs against the emergence of resistance are required. A possible strategy that has been successfully used for malaria and tuberculosis is the use of combination therapies. This study is the first comprehensive assessment of the cost-effectiveness of all possible mono- and combination therapies for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent. The analysis was done from the societal perspective, including both health provider and household costs. The present work shows that combination treatments are a cost-effective alternative to current monotherapy for VL. Given their expected impact on emergence of drug resistance, the use of combination therapy should be considered in the context of the VL elimination programme in the Indian subcontinent

Pressure induced dimerisation of C<SUB>70</SUB>

Solid C70 has been subjected simultaneously to high pressures and temperatures (HPHT), with pressures upto 7.5 GPa and temperatures upto 750&#176;C. X-ray diffraction measurements on the recovered samples indicate that the initial h.c.p. solid C70 transforms to a rhombohedral structure which recovers to an f.c.c. structure on annealing. The associated changes in the intra molecular vibrational modes have been probed through infrared (IR) and Raman measurements. The IR measurements on these HPHT samples show splitting of some of the pristine modes and occurrence of several new modes. These sharp IR modes in the HPHT treated samples, which are seen to be different from that reported for photopolymerised C70, have been attributed to the formation of C70 dimers

Structure and vibrational properties of carbon tubules

The structure of multilayered carbon tubules has been investigated by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The structure of tubules is characterized by disorder in the stacking of cylindrical graphene sheets. Raman scattering measurements have been carried out in tubules and compared with graphite. The observed features in the Raman spectra in tubules can be understood in terms of the influence of disorder. The additional Raman modes predicted for single layer carbon tubules have not been observed

The Enskog Process

The existence of a weak solution to a McKean-Vlasov type stochastic differential system corresponding to the Enskog equation of the kinetic theory of gases is established under natural conditions. The distribution of any solution to the system at each fixed time is shown to be unique. The existence of a probability density for the time-marginals of the velocity is verified in the case where the initial condition is Gaussian, and is shown to be the density of an invariant measure.Comment: 38 page